CN1008084B - 用真空澄清法熔化和澄清玻璃或其他类似物质 - Google Patents
用真空澄清法熔化和澄清玻璃或其他类似物质Info
- Publication number
- CN1008084B CN1008084B CN86108895A CN86108895A CN1008084B CN 1008084 B CN1008084 B CN 1008084B CN 86108895 A CN86108895 A CN 86108895A CN 86108895 A CN86108895 A CN 86108895A CN 1008084 B CN1008084 B CN 1008084B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- glass
- room
- container
- equipment
- flow
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 239000012768 molten material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 75
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000005329 float glass Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006060 molten glass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims 6
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 29
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910003849 O-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 229910003872 O—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006124 Pilkington process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000013872 defecation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006066 glass batch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000010637 Aquaporins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010063290 Aquaporins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical class [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108091006146 Channels Proteins 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- HVXCTUSYKCFNMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum oxygen(2-) zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[Zr+4].[Al+3] HVXCTUSYKCFNMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001748 carbonate mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000008395 clarifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N disulfur monoxide Inorganic materials O=S=S TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007499 fusion processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007496 glass forming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005816 glass manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000156 glass melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004620 low density foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000019612 pigmentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000306 recurrent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical compound S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 sulphur compound Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AFNRRBXCCXDRPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(ii) sulfide Chemical compound [Sn]=S AFNRRBXCCXDRPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
- C03B5/225—Refining
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B3/00—Charging the melting furnaces
- C03B3/02—Charging the melting furnaces combined with preheating, premelting or pretreating the glass-making ingredients, pellets or cullet
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B3/00—Charging the melting furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/04—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in tank furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/14—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in revolving cylindrical furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
- C03B5/225—Refining
- C03B5/2252—Refining under reduced pressure, e.g. with vacuum refiners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/078—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing an oxide of a divalent metal, e.g. an oxide of zinc
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/083—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound
- C03C3/085—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal
- C03C3/087—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal containing calcium oxide, e.g. common sheet or container glass
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
- Y02P40/57—Improving the yield, e-g- reduction of reject rates
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Glass Melting And Manufacturing (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US81549486A | 1986-01-02 | 1986-01-02 | |
| US815,494 | 1986-01-02 | ||
| US06/894,143 US4738938A (en) | 1986-01-02 | 1986-08-07 | Melting and vacuum refining of glass or the like and composition of sheet |
| US894,143 | 1986-08-07 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN86108895A CN86108895A (zh) | 1987-09-30 |
| CN1008084B true CN1008084B (zh) | 1990-05-23 |
Family
ID=27123962
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN86108895A Expired CN1008084B (zh) | 1986-01-02 | 1986-12-30 | 用真空澄清法熔化和澄清玻璃或其他类似物质 |
Country Status (27)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4738938A (en]) |
| EP (1) | EP0231518B1 (en]) |
| KR (1) | KR900006206B1 (en]) |
| CN (1) | CN1008084B (en]) |
| AR (1) | AR241011A1 (en]) |
| AU (2) | AU574944B2 (en]) |
| BR (1) | BR8606484A (en]) |
| CA (2) | CA1279191C (en]) |
| CZ (1) | CZ281146B6 (en]) |
| DE (1) | DE3677952D1 (en]) |
| DK (1) | DK167391B1 (en]) |
| EG (1) | EG18146A (en]) |
| ES (1) | ES2020933B3 (en]) |
| FI (1) | FI81078C (en]) |
| GR (1) | GR3001573T3 (en]) |
| HU (1) | HU210166B (en]) |
| IL (1) | IL81114A (en]) |
| IN (1) | IN171099B (en]) |
| MX (1) | MX164855B (en]) |
| MY (1) | MY101038A (en]) |
| NZ (1) | NZ218512A (en]) |
| PH (1) | PH23536A (en]) |
| PL (1) | PL154250B1 (en]) |
| PT (1) | PT84042B (en]) |
| SG (1) | SG107991G (en]) |
| SK (2) | SK944886A3 (en]) |
| YU (1) | YU45398B (en]) |
Families Citing this family (88)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NZ220810A (en) * | 1986-07-07 | 1989-08-29 | Ppg Industries Inc | Refining glass; collapsing foam above melt by adding substances |
| US4704153A (en) * | 1986-08-12 | 1987-11-03 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Vacuum refining of glassy materials with controlled foaming |
| US4780122A (en) * | 1987-06-29 | 1988-10-25 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Vacuum refining of glass or the like with enhanced foaming |
| US4920080A (en) * | 1988-08-19 | 1990-04-24 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Method of making glass with preliminary reaction of batch materials |
| US4849004A (en) * | 1988-10-31 | 1989-07-18 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Pulsed pressure method for vacuum refining of glassy materials |
| US4919697A (en) * | 1989-01-03 | 1990-04-24 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Vacuum refining of glassy materials with selected foaming rate |
| US4919700A (en) * | 1989-01-03 | 1990-04-24 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Vacuum refining of glassy materials with selected water content |
| US5030593A (en) * | 1990-06-29 | 1991-07-09 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Lightly tinted glass compatible with wood tones |
| US5593929A (en) * | 1990-07-30 | 1997-01-14 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Ultraviolet absorbing green tinted glass |
| JP3368953B2 (ja) * | 1993-11-12 | 2003-01-20 | 旭硝子株式会社 | 紫外線吸収着色ガラス |
| MY115988A (en) * | 1994-10-26 | 2003-10-31 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | Glass having low solar radiation and ultraviolet ray transmittance |
| US5928401A (en) * | 1996-05-23 | 1999-07-27 | Drummond; Warren W. | Process of making fibers with a rotary ring furnace above a circular forehearth |
| US5922097A (en) * | 1996-06-12 | 1999-07-13 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Water enhanced fining process a method to reduce toxic emissions from glass melting furnaces |
| US5785726A (en) * | 1996-10-28 | 1998-07-28 | Corning Incorporated | Method of reducing bubbles at the vessel/glass interface in a glass manufacturing system |
| JPH10236834A (ja) * | 1996-12-25 | 1998-09-08 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | 電子銃支持部材及びその製造方法 |
| US6044667A (en) * | 1997-08-25 | 2000-04-04 | Guardian Fiberglass, Inc. | Glass melting apparatus and method |
| US5961686A (en) * | 1997-08-25 | 1999-10-05 | Guardian Fiberglass, Inc. | Side-discharge melter for use in the manufacture of fiberglass |
| US6237369B1 (en) | 1997-12-17 | 2001-05-29 | Owens Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc. | Roof-mounted oxygen-fuel burner for a glass melting furnace and process of using the oxygen-fuel burner |
| WO1999035099A1 (fr) * | 1998-01-09 | 1999-07-15 | Saint-Gobain Vitrage | Procede et dispositif de fusion et d'affinage de matieres vitrifiables |
| FR2774085B3 (fr) * | 1998-01-26 | 2000-02-25 | Saint Gobain Vitrage | Procede de fusion et d'affinage de matieres vitrifiables |
| DE19822437C1 (de) | 1998-05-19 | 1999-07-29 | Schott Glas | Verfahren zum physikalischen Läutern einer Flüssigkeit und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
| DE10003948B4 (de) * | 2000-01-29 | 2006-03-23 | Schott Ag | Verfahren zum Erschmelzen, Läutern und Homogenisieren von Glasschmelzen |
| DE10041757C1 (de) * | 2000-08-25 | 2002-02-21 | Schott Glas | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Läutern von Glas |
| DE10055969C1 (de) * | 2000-11-11 | 2002-05-02 | Schott Glas | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Läuterung einer Glasschmelze |
| DE10116960C1 (de) * | 2001-04-05 | 2002-08-08 | Schott Glas | Unterdruck-Läuteranlage |
| US6596660B1 (en) | 2001-10-26 | 2003-07-22 | Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. | Amber-free reduced blue glass composition |
| EP1306353A1 (de) * | 2001-10-27 | 2003-05-02 | Schott Glas | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Glasprodukten durch Läutern unter Unterdruck ohne Zusatz von As2O3 bzw. Sb2O3 |
| DE10200232C1 (de) * | 2002-01-05 | 2003-01-23 | Schott Glas | Vorrichtung zum Läutern einer Glasschmelze in einer Unterdruck-Läuterkammer |
| DE10200233C1 (de) * | 2002-01-05 | 2003-04-17 | Schott Glas | Vorrichtung zum Läutern einer Glasschmelze mit einer Unterdruck-Läuterkammer |
| DE10200234C1 (de) * | 2002-01-05 | 2003-04-17 | Schott Glas | Vorrichtung zum Läutern einer Glasschmelze mit einer Unterdruck-Läuterkammer |
| DE10211183B4 (de) * | 2002-03-14 | 2005-04-28 | Schott Ag | Vorrichtung zum Läutern einer Glasschmelze mit einer Unterdruck-Läuterkammer |
| US7094716B2 (en) * | 2002-10-04 | 2006-08-22 | Automotive Components Holdings, Llc | Green glass composition |
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1986
- 1986-08-07 US US06/894,143 patent/US4738938A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-12-04 NZ NZ218512A patent/NZ218512A/xx unknown
- 1986-12-12 CA CA000525193A patent/CA1279191C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-12-22 MX MX4745A patent/MX164855B/es unknown
- 1986-12-23 CZ CS869848A patent/CZ281146B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-12-23 SK SK9448-86A patent/SK944886A3/sk unknown
- 1986-12-23 PH PH34658A patent/PH23536A/en unknown
- 1986-12-23 SK SK9848-86A patent/SK278492B6/sk unknown
- 1986-12-24 DE DE8686118053T patent/DE3677952D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-12-24 ES ES86118053T patent/ES2020933B3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-12-24 EP EP86118053A patent/EP0231518B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-12-29 IL IL8111486A patent/IL81114A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-12-29 BR BR8606484A patent/BR8606484A/pt unknown
- 1986-12-29 HU HU865502A patent/HU210166B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-12-30 YU YU2277/86A patent/YU45398B/xx unknown
- 1986-12-30 CN CN86108895A patent/CN1008084B/zh not_active Expired
- 1986-12-30 AU AU67051/86A patent/AU574944B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1986-12-30 FI FI865334A patent/FI81078C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-12-30 DK DK633586A patent/DK167391B1/da active
- 1986-12-30 AR AR306362A patent/AR241011A1/es active
- 1986-12-31 PT PT84042A patent/PT84042B/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-12-31 MY MYPI86000262A patent/MY101038A/en unknown
- 1986-12-31 KR KR1019860011778A patent/KR900006206B1/ko not_active Expired
-
1987
- 1987-01-01 EG EG02/87A patent/EG18146A/xx active
- 1987-01-02 IN IN02/DEL/87A patent/IN171099B/en unknown
- 1987-01-02 PL PL1987263528A patent/PL154250B1/pl unknown
-
1988
- 1988-02-22 AU AU12031/88A patent/AU587357B2/en not_active Ceased
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1989
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1991
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